Application of biostimulants for tomatoes

The application of biostimulants for tomatoes is crucial in modern agriculture. These products, based on natural extracts and microorganisms, help improve plant growth and productivity. Biostimulants are generally applied at different stages of crop development, from planting to harvest, in order to maximize their effectiveness. It is essential to choose the right type of biostimulant and the appropriate dose for each phase of the crop, which will ensure optimal results.

Stages of tomato crop development and their relationship with biostimulants

Biostimulants can be applied at various stages of the tomato crop cycle, and each of these stages presents specific characteristics that require particular attention. These stages include:

• Germination: In this phase, the application of biostimulants can favor the activation of seed metabolism, improving the germination rate by up to 20% according to studies conducted under controlled conditions. A practical example includes the application of seaweed extracts that contain auxins, which stimulate cell elongation, thus promoting faster development. A greenhouse study showed that the application of a seaweed-based biostimulant on tomato seeds resulted in 25% more emerging seedlings compared to the control.
• Vegetative growth: During this phase, biostimulants help increase root development and leaf mass, resulting in a more robust plant growth. Research has shown that the use of seaweed extracts at this stage can result in a 30% increase in leaf biomass. In a field trial, treatments with microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum showed a significant increase in root length, facilitating nutrient absorption. A practical case in an intensive farming estate demonstrated that the application of a biostimulant during the vegetative phase increased the plant’s ability to absorb nitrogen, resulting in a 15% increase in total yield.
• Flowering: At this stage, amino acid-based biostimulants and bioactive compounds can increase the number of flowers and improve pollination, resulting in a 15% increase in the number of set fruits. For example, the use of plant protein extracts has been shown to increase ethylene production, a natural regulator that favors flowering. A study conducted in greenhouses showed that the application of a biostimulant during the flowering phase improved the fruit setting rate by 20%, resulting in a significant increase in final production.
• Fruit setting: The application of biostimulants at this phase can improve the fruit quality, increasing the content of soluble solids and reducing the incidence of diseases, which translates into better market prices. Research indicates that the use of chitosan-based biostimulants can increase resistance to fungal diseases, thus improving fruit quality. An example of this was observed on a farm where a chitosan-based biostimulant was applied, achieving a 40% decrease in the incidence of post-harvest diseases.

Recommended doses of biostimulants for tomatoes

Factors influencing the dosing of biostimulants

The dose of biostimulants can vary depending on several factors, including:

• Soil conditions: Soils with high organic matter may require lower doses of biostimulants, while poor soils may benefit from higher doses. A study in clay soils showed that the application of mycorrhiza-based biostimulants significantly increased phosphorus availability, improving plant growth. In sandy soil conditions, it has been documented that the application of biostimulants can increase water retention by 30%, which is essential for optimal root development.
• Climate: Under conditions of water or thermal stress, more frequent applications or higher doses may be required to maximize the beneficial effect. For example, in warm climates, the use of biostimulants that improve soil water retention can be essential for maintaining healthy tomato growth. Research has shown that under high-temperature conditions, the application of biostimulants can increase photosynthetic activity by 15%, contributing to better plant growth.
• Tomato variety: Some varieties may respond better to certain types of biostimulants, so it is advisable to conduct prior trials. In a comparative trial, it was observed that ‘Roma’ tomato varieties responded better to amino acid-based biostimulants, showing a 25% increase in yield. In contrast, the ‘Cherry’ variety showed a superior response to seaweed extract-based biostimulants, indicating the importance of customizing applications according to the variety.
• Production goals: If the goal is to increase fruit quality, specific biostimulants can be applied at critical phases to maximize quality yield. For example, the application of potassium-rich biostimulants during fruit setting has been shown to increase sugar content in the fruit. In an experiment, it was observed that tomatoes treated with potassium-based biostimulants had a 20% increase in soluble solids content, improving their flavor and market appeal.

Real results of applying biostimulants

The results of applying biostimulants for tomatoes have proven significant in terms of yield and fruit quality. Agronomic studies indicate that the use of biostimulants can increase production by 15-25%, in addition to improving the organoleptic quality of the tomato. Farmers who have integrated these products into their agronomic management report firmer fruits and greater disease resistance, resulting in lower post-harvest losses.

Case studies on the use of biostimulants in tomato cultivation

Several case studies have documented the positive impact of biostimulants on tomato cultivation:

• Study in Almería, Spain: A group of farmers applied a seaweed and beneficial microorganism-based biostimulant during the vegetative growth phase. The results showed a 20% increase in yield and a 30% reduction in the incidence of fungal diseases. This case highlights the importance of combining biostimulants to maximize crop potential. It was observed that treated plants also had better color and firmness, making them more attractive to the market.
• Project in Italy: In a field trial, bioactive compounds were applied during the flowering phase. An increase in fruit quality was documented, with an increase in sugar content and a decrease in acidity, leading to improved market acceptance of the product. This project underscores how biostimulants can positively influence the sensory characteristics of tomatoes. Treated tomatoes received better ratings in blind tastings by consumers, reflecting a direct impact on marketing.
• Research in Mexico: The application of amino acids in the post-harvest phase was evaluated, observing that treated tomatoes had a longer shelf life and better appearance, resulting in 15% more sales compared to untreated tomatoes. This study highlights the relevance of biostimulants in the supply chain and marketing. The application of amino acids not only prolonged freshness but also helped maintain the vibrant color of tomatoes for longer, making the products more competitive in the market.

Our experience in the use of biostimulants

At Ecoganic, we have worked on multiple projects in Spain and Europe since 2020, using biostimulants in tomato crops. Our field trials have shown positive results, improving nutritional efficiency and stress tolerance under adverse climatic conditions. With a client base that includes professional farmers and distributors, we have provided sustainable solutions that have optimized crop profitability.

Collaborations and highlighted projects

Throughout our journey, we have collaborated with various research institutions and universities to assess the impact of biostimulants on tomato cultivation. Some of the most notable projects include:

• Research project at the University of Córdoba: This project focused on evaluating different biostimulants under water stress conditions. The results showed that plants treated with biostimulants maintained more vigorous growth and higher fruit production compared to the control group. Additionally, an improvement in soil water retention capacity was observed, which is critical during drought periods. In this study, a 35% increase in tomato production was recorded under water stress conditions, highlighting the importance of biostimulants in adapting to climate change.
• Partnership with farmers in the Murcia region: We implemented a training program on the use of biostimulants, resulting in widespread adoption and a 20% increase in tomato production in one year. This education and technical support-based approach has been key to the success of farmers in the region. Additionally, a follow-up on yields showed a significant improvement in fruit quality, which in turn improved farmers’ income.
• Trials in greenhouses in the Netherlands: Biostimulant applications were carried out throughout the crop cycle, resulting in larger and better quality tomatoes, increasing producers’ profitability by 30%. This case demonstrates how comprehensive management of biostimulants in greenhouses can maximize yield and quality of the final product. Producers reported that tomatoes treated with biostimulants performed better in the market, selling at higher prices due to their superior quality.

Additional benefits of biostimulants

In addition to the benefits already mentioned, biostimulants offer a series of additional advantages that are crucial for sustainable agriculture:

• Improvement of soil health: Biostimulants can increase soil microbial activity, improving its structure and fertility. Studies have shown that the application of biostimulants increases microbial biodiversity, contributing to a more balanced and healthy soil. In a recent study, it was observed that the application of mycorrhiza-based biostimulants increased the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil by 50%, which in turn improved nutrient availability for plants.
• Reduction of chemical inputs: By improving nutrient use efficiency, biostimulants can allow for the reduction of chemical fertilizers, contributing to more sustainable agriculture. In one study, it was shown that the combination of biostimulants and organic fertilizers reduced the need for synthetic fertilizers by 40% without compromising yield. This not only reduces costs for farmers but also minimizes the environmental impact associated with excessive use of chemicals.
• Mitigation of environmental stress: Biostimulants help plants tolerate adverse conditions, such as droughts or high temperatures, which is increasingly relevant in the context of climate change. The application of biostimulants that promote the synthesis of protective compounds, such as antioxidants, can increase plants’ resistance to extreme climatic conditions. One study showed that plants treated with biostimulants had an improved ability to manage water stress, maintaining healthy growth even under severe drought conditions.
• Increase in nutritional quality: The use of biostimulants can improve the nutritional profile of tomatoes, increasing levels of beneficial compounds such as antioxidants and vitamins. This not only benefits consumer health but can also increase the market value of the product. Research has shown that tomatoes treated with biostimulants show an increase in lycopene levels, an antioxidant known for its health benefits, making them more attractive from a marketing perspective.
• Long-term sustainability: The implementation of biostimulants in agricultural systems promotes more sustainable practices, reducing dependence on chemical inputs and improving agricultural ecosystem health. This is essential for ensuring future productivity and resource conservation. The adoption of biostimulants aligns with sustainable development goals, contributing to responsible agricultural production and environmental protection.

Biochemical mechanisms of action of biostimulants

Biostimulants act through different biochemical mechanisms that promote plant growth and development. These include:

• Stimulation of hormonal activity: Biostimulants contain natural phytohormones that regulate various physiological processes in plants. For example, the auxins and cytokinins present in seaweed extracts promote cell division and root elongation, improving water and nutrient absorption.
• Increase in nutrient assimilation: Biostimulants can increase nutrient absorption efficiency by improving soil microbial activity and the availability of essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. One study demonstrated that the application of beneficial microorganisms such as mycorrhizae can increase phosphorus absorption by 40%, which is crucial for root development and flowering.
• Production of secondary metabolites: The application of biostimulants can induce the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants, which are compounds that help plants defend against pests and diseases. For example, the application of chitosan has been shown to increase the production of phenolic compounds, which are known for their antioxidant and defense properties.
• Improvement of stress tolerance: Biostimulants can induce a priming state in plants, allowing them to respond more effectively to abiotic stress situations. This translates into greater production of antioxidants and heat shock proteins, which help plants survive under adverse conditions, such as droughts or extreme temperatures.

Practical examples of field application

The implementation of biostimulants in tomato cultivation has resulted in tangible successes in the field. Below are some examples of practical application:

• Use of seaweed extracts in greenhouses: In a greenhouse in the Andalusia region, seaweed extracts were applied during the vegetative growth phase. The results showed a 25% increase in plant biomass, as well as an improvement in fruit quality, which exhibited a more intense color and greater firmness.
• Application of amino acids in outdoor crops: In a project conducted on an outdoor tomato farm in Valencia, amino acid-based biostimulants were applied during the flowering phase. A 30% increase in the number of set fruits was observed, resulting in significantly higher total production. This approach has allowed farmers to achieve higher yields and improve the quality of the final product.
• Implementation of microorganisms in degraded soils: In a trial on a farm with degraded soils in Catalonia, microorganism-based biostimulants were applied. After application, an improvement in soil structure and a 50% increase in biological activity were recorded, resulting in more robust plant growth and a reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers.